The British and the German fleets returned home; the British lost two cruisers to submarine attacks, and one German dreadnought had been torpedoed. It proved to be worse than expected and Barham had to be repaired at Durban, South Africa, as she was unfit to make the trans-Atlantic crossing for repair in the United States. A member of the Wigston branch of the Royal Naval Association, he is a member of the HMS Barham Association. [54] Captain Henry Horan assumed command on 28 July 1937, although he only remained in command until 22 April 1938 when he was relieved by Captain Algernon Willis. [59], Barham served as the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron from November 1936 to May 1937 and participated in the Coronation Fleet Review for King George VI on 19 May at Spithead. [54], Captain Geoffrey Cooke assumed command on 25 March[53] and the Navy took the opportunity to augment her light anti-aircraft armament and upgrade its directors. After some time we came to a Carley float, to which about six of our shipmates were clinging. [86], In mid-April she escorted the fast transport MVBreconshire, together with Warspite and Valiant, from Alexandria to Malta before the battleships bombarded Tripoli on the evening of 20 April. Copyright 2023. [6], The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. The only contact came in the evening when Tyrwhitt sighted the High Seas Fleet but was unable to achieve an advantageous attack position before dark, and broke off contact. Beatty then ordered Evan-Thomas to turn his ships in succession to follow the battlecruisers three minutes later. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. [46], Following Jutland, Barham was under repair until 5 July 1916. Your email address will not be published. Barham opened fire at a range of 21,000 yards (19,000m) and hit Richelieu with one 15-inch shell at 09:15. The marine scientist first got involved in the search for the wreck in a commission from the BBC. All footage can be viewed on the British Path website. [57] Now under the command of Captain Richard Scott,[53] Barham was assigned to the Home Fleet as the flagship of the 2nd Battle Squadron,[54] and deployed to the West Indies in JanuaryFebruary 1935 for training. U-331 was not attacked by the escorting destroyers and reached port on 3 December. The wreck of a Royal Navy warship which sank in 1682 while carrying the future king James Stuart has been identified off the coast of Norfolk. The enemy struck at 4.25pm as Richard was on a tea break and talking with a friend. 137144, 2-pounder (40mm (1.6in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom", https://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/hm-ships-enemy-action-wwii, HMS Barham Explodes & Sinks: World War II (1941), List of dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Barham_(04)&oldid=1131403965, World War I battleships of the United Kingdom, World War II battleships of the United Kingdom, Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II, World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 5,000nmi (9,260km; 5,750mi) at 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 00:34. After temporary repairs at Scapa, Barham was sent to Cromarty Firth for more permanent repairs in the floating dry dock there that lasted until 23 December. The third shell detonated on the face of the starboard wing turret, although some fragments entered the turret and caused minor damage. Full title reads: "HMS BARHAM 1914 - 1941". Barham played a minor role in quelling the 1929 Palestine riots and the 19361939 Arab revolt in Palestine. "I saw one of my shipmates in the water and asked him, 'where's the ship?' [78] The severe damage to Resolution caused Operation Menace to be abandoned and Barham had to tow her to Freetown for temporary repairs, before escorting a convoy to Gibraltar where she arrived on 15 October where her own damage was repaired. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. However, as the ship plunged to the sea floor, a surge of water pushed Richard upwards. [53] Together with her sister Malaya, Barham was sent to Alexandria, Egypt, in May 1927 during a time of unrest. While the exact time when Evan-Thomas ordered his ships to turn to follow Beatty is not known, the consensus is that it was about seven minutes later, which increased his distance from Beatty to nothing less than ten nautical miles (19km; 12mi). IWM FL1472. [26], In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade early on the morning of 31 May. Barham was herself was struck twice during the "Run to the South": the first was a 28.3-centimetre (11in) shell from von der Tann that failed to do any damage when it hit the waterline armour and the battlecruiser SMSLtzow fired a 30.5-centimetre (12in) shell that detonated in the aft superstructure. [5], The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was 13 inches (330mm) thick over the ships' vitals. Now considered to be the finest newsreel archive in the world, British Path is a treasure trove of 85,000 films unrivalled in their historical and cultural significance.British Path also represents the Reuters historical collection, which includes more than 136,000 items from the news agencies Gaumont Graphic (1910-1932), Empire News Bulletin (1926-1930), British Paramount (1931-1957), and Gaumont British (1934-1959), as well as Visnews content from 1957 to the end of 1984. Senior figures in the German navy were convicted at Nuremberg for war crimes in relation to the Athenia affair. The number of hits cannot be confirmed, but it is believed that she and Valiant made 23 or 24 hits between them, making them two of the most accurate warships in the British fleet. Shortly after her return to the Mediterranean, Barham again became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in September after her sister Warspite had to return home for repairs after running aground. 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp. The destroyer Hotspur rescued 337 survivors, including Vice-Admiral Henry Pridham-Wippell and the pair who later died of their wounds, while the Australian destroyer Nizam reportedly rescued 150 men. Guy Morris), S.O.O./S.N.O. [63], Barham, the battlecruiser Repulse and the destroyers Fame, Icarus, Imogen, Isis and Nubian were on patrol off the Butt of Lewis to protect against a possible break-out into the Atlantic by German warships when they were spotted by the German submarineU-30, commanded by Fritz-Julius Lemp, on 28 December. [73], After the expiration of an ultimatum to surrender the following morning, the battleships engaged the port's 24-centimetre (9.4in) coast-defence guns and Richelieu at 09:30. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting destroyers. "I shot to the surface," he said. [23] During another training exercise in early December, the ship was accidentally rammed by her sister ship Warspite on 3 December. The wrecks sites upside down on the sea floor. [16] The ship, named after Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham,[17] was laid down at their Clydebank shipyard on 24 February 1913 and launched on 31 December 1914. These recordings can be accessed through Apple iTunes or for Android users, Stitcher. Life on the Line Podcasts Read about our approach to external linking. None of the men were ever found alive, and the expedition is considered one of the worst disasters in the history of polar exploration. This was replaced by a torpedo rangefinder in early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the remodelled spotting top. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. petrol. She was slow to go down, disappearing beneath the waves, stern first, at 11 the next morning. The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the German battleships after losing sight of the battlecruisers, with Barham opening fire at 18:14. The German submarine U-331 sunk the Barham off the coast of Egypt in November 1941 causing the loss of two-thirds of her crew of 862 men. The start date is universally agreed to be 17 November 1941, while the end date is 15 January for the British (thus excluding the Axis counter-offensive of late January), while it is 6 February for the Axis, including the counteroffensive. 2. . U.331 was under the command of Freiherr Diedrich von Tiesenhausen who was a lieutenant of 26 years of age. A new beautiful success. [100] The crew are commemorated by a memorial bench, located in Nothe Gardens, Weymouth. The list of men lost is at this link. ! Poem by Rudyard Kipling. "When we reached one of the torpedo bulges, my friend jumped into the water. Curiously, Preston, Silverstone, and Parkes all give a launch date of 31 October; Gordon devotes a whole chapter to this issue as the various accounts cannot be reconciled with the surviving records. [91] Due to the speed at which she sank, 862 officers and ratings were killed,[54][92] including two who died of their wounds after being rescued. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. On the night of 25 March, Barham and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. [44], Hipper turned his ships southward around 18:05 to fall back upon Scheer's advancing battleships and then reversed course five minutes later. HMAS Sydney II and the HSK Kormoran Shipwreck Sites, Admiralty House, Garden and Fortifications, Royal Australian Naval Transmitting Station ACT, 81st. [88] Repairs were completed six weeks later on 30 July and the ship returned to Alexandria in August where she resumed her role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron. flag changed on a number of occasions. [42] Barham returned fire at the battlecruisers at 17:02, together with Valiant, the two northernmost of Evan-Thomas's ships, and the two of them made three hits on the battlecruiser SMSSeydlitz and Ltzow between 17:06 and 17:13 while Barham was hit twice more by Derfflinger; although neither of the hits did any significant damage. If it happened, British Path filmed it. [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a. Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the sunken remains of a famous ship. Possibly due to her closeness to Valiant's bow wave and discharging the torpedoes, the boat's conning tower broached the surface and was fruitlessly engaged by one of the battleship's "pom-pom"s at a range of about 30 yards (27m). The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. While under repair in December1939 March1940, a 20-barrel Unrotated projectile (UP) rocket launcher was installed on the roof of 'B' turret and her HACS Mk I directors were replaced with Mk III models. Huge palls of smoke rising from the stricken ship. [83] As part of Operation Collar in late November, Barham, Malaya and the carrier HMSEagle covered the forces rendezvousing with a convoy coming from Gibraltar. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. The interrogation report following the sinking of U-331 in late 1942 give further detail of the sinking of HMS Barham at this link. At the going down of the SUN, AND in the MORNING; WE WILL REMEMBER THEM, WE WILL REMEMBER THEM!! (Lt. Cdr. Prof Richard Toye, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the Athenia. The impact was right on the joints between several armour plates and drove them inwards and destroyed part of the hull behind them. She became the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet on 9 June until relieved by Warspite on 8 February 1938. 377, 386, Admiralty Historical Section, pp. After returning to port, Jellicoe issued an order that prohibited risking the fleet in the southern half of the North Sea due to the overwhelming risk from mines and U-boats unless the odds of defeating the High Seas Fleet in a decisive engagement were favourable. In addition, a pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers 0.5in (12.7mm) AA machine guns were added abreast the conning tower. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. A very detailed account by a surviving officer of her loss is at this link. Her complete service history can be found at this link. The 5th Battle Squadron preceded the rest of the Grand Fleet to reinforce Vice-Admiral David Beatty's battlecruiser fleet, but the British arrived in the area after the Germans had withdrawn. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). Hipper ordered his ships to turn to starboard, away from the British, to assume a south-easterly course, and reduced speed to 18 knots (33km/h; 21mph) to allow three light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group to catch up. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well. The impacts drove in the plates and fragments caused much flooding by damaging the surrounding structure. [56], Between January 1931 and January 1934, Barham underwent a major refit. Multiple air strikes by Formidable's Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers damaged the battleship Vittorio Veneto and crippled the heavy cruiser Pola later that evening. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. The following year the UP mount was replaced by a pair of quadruple Vickers 0.5-inch machine gun mounts and another pair of eight-barreled "pom-pom" mounts were added abreast her conning tower. On 612 May, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of Operation Tiger. Neilson Larry 05/01/2011. The HMS Barham was torpedoed by U-331, a German c-class submarine captained by Freiherr Von Tiesenhausen, and sunk in. !, YOU ARE NOT FORGOTTEN, Casualties of MEN/HEROES-SERVING IN H.M.S. Evan-Thomas turned northeast at around 18:06 and then made a slow turn to the southeast once he spotted the Grand Fleet. The fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's five battlecruisers and supporting cruisers and torpedo boats. Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. The loss of the crew was sensational news in the mid-19th . HMS Barham (04) [+1941] Details general nationality: british purpose: war type: battleship subtype/class: Queen Elisabeth class battleship class propulsion: steam turbine date built: 1913 status: dead (not found) The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Barham. [79] She was briefly assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in November 1940. The battleships were providing distant cover to the light cruisers of Force B[1], engaged in searching for the German merchantsMaritzaandProcida (see also this link and this link). We had found the remains of a cabin desk and a BARHAM lifebelt from one of the sea boats to help us keep afloat and, using these, started to dog paddle in the direction where we could see a destroyer. Earlier in the day there had been a couple of Air Raid warnings, and reports of enemy aircraft Shadowers, but nothing of particular consequence. The shell struck just below the waterline and burst on impact with the belt armour. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth-class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. These new approaches would help achieve an international goal set last year to have 100% of the topography of the world's ocean bed mapped by 2030. But barring a photograph I can say in my expert opinion there's a very, very high probability that that's Athenia. [65] Most of the adjacent compartments flooded and the ship took on a 7 degree list that was countered by transferring fuel oil to starboard. Late in the afternoon of November 24, 1941 WARSPITE, (C. in C.), BARHAM and VALIANT and a screen of nine destroyers sailed from Alexandria to provide heavy gun cover for the Cruisers. For Archive Licensing Enquiries Visit: https://goo.gl/W4hZBv Explore Our Online Channel For FULL Documentaries, Fascinating Interviews \u0026 Classic Movies: https://goo.gl/7dVe8r #BritishPath #History #WWII #Navy #RoyalNavySubscribe to the British Path YT Channel: https://goo.gl/hV1nkf Dramatic Newsreel footage captured the sinking of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship. (Mute & Track Negs.) [1][2], Barham had a length overall of 643feet 9inches (196.2m), a beam of 90feet 7inches (27.6m) and a deep draught of 33 feet (10.1m). On her return I teamed up with P-W again when he shifted his flag back to the, Battleships. The last shell passed all the way through the ship without detonating; it struck and dislodged a 100-millimetre (3.9in) armour plate on the waterline on the other side of the ship that caused also some flooding. In addition, she was joined by the battleships HMS Queen . Kapitaenleutnant Freiherr von Tiesenhausen, who did a radio broadcast on this attack in December 1941. This is the only British battleship sunk by the U-boat during this war. Beatty continued south for another two minutes to confirm the sighting before ordering his force to turn north, towards the Grand Fleet in what came to be known as the "Run to the North". Naval Historical Society of Australia Inc. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. BARHAM, on November 25, 1941!!!. Wikipedia. last updated: andrew gillespie Buying out his commission in 1947, he settled down with his late wife, Lilly, whom he had married in All Saints Church, Melton Road, in 1942. [70], Force M departed Freetown for Dakar on 21 September and had arrived Dakar before dawn two days later. Required fields are marked *. The remains of the first British ship to be sunk in WW2 appear to have been identified on the Atlantic seabed. She was hit six times during the battle, five times by 30.5cm shells and once by a 28.3cm shell, suffering casualties of 26 killed and 46 wounded. HMS Barham Explodes - Slow MotionOn the afternoon of 25 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight. In addition, the rear of the six-inch gun casemates was enclosed by a 1.5-inch (38mm) bulkhead. Read about our approach to external linking. Shortly after 4.00 pm I was on the Admirals Bridge. Three minutes later another shell hit the aft superstructure, severing the antenna cables of the main wireless station. https://www.britishpathe.com/ On 26 March, the Italian fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1939, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1941. The fore funnel was trunked into the aft funnel to reduce smoke in the spotting top. [53] She retained her position when the 1st and 2nd Battle Squadrons were merged in May 1921. The Italian ships and the British arrived almost simultaneously at Pola's location, but the Italians had almost no clue that the British were nearby. The British had recently broken the Italian codes and sailed after dark on the 27th to intercept the Italians. "I'm one of only two survivors from the ship left," he said. In addition the torpedo-control tower aft was replaced by an air-defence position during that same refit. Print This Page. Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. Shortly before the turn, one of his escorting light cruisers, Galatea spotted smoke on the horizon and continued on her course to investigate. One fragment ricocheted off the upper deck and through the side plating on the opposite side of the ship. [90], There was no time for evasive action, and three of the four torpedoes struck amidships so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. The torpedo from U-30 struck the Athenia at 7:38 that evening. The terrifying explosion was caught on film by Path cameraman John Turner who was on an adjacent ship. "It always takes me back to that day in November 1941," he said. 1,306 individuals were successfully pulled off the Athenia in deteriorating seas. They set several merchant ships on fire, but again failed to hit the latter at a range of 17,000 yards (15,500m) before breaking off fire at 13:20. Realising their mistake, the Germans changed course for home. How surprising were the M3 Grant tanks to the Germans? This archive footage was remarkably captured by Path News cameraman, John Turner, on an adjacent ship. 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