What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps? %PDF-1.6 % Whether you're using aircraft recovery dollies or towbarless tugs, it's important to use the right GSE (with the right towing capacity) for the job. Develop training for commercial drivers who are permitted access. What markings are required for a piston engine powered airplane? The AC now addresses aircraft being taxied by persons other than certificated pilots; adds a definition for Airport Operations Area; revises the definition for Non-Movement Area; replaces the term Ramp with Apron to harmonize with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 14 Volume 1; adds a definition for Vehicle or Pedestrian Deviation; provides guidance for towered airports on Part 139 requirements for people and equipment in the Runway Safety Area (RSA); calls for a Letter of Agreement at towered airports between the airport operator, the tower, and FAA Technical Operations; provides guidance on taxing and/or towing aircraft in the movement area by non-pilots; and incorporates numerous changes to format and content throughout the document. aircraft, vehicle, pedestrian, or other object while taxiing is about three 0000248016 00000 n 190 91 In this article On occasion, however, minimum separation, particularly aircraft/vehicle separation is compromised. 0000101142 00000 n . The articleOn-Gate Collisionsprovides insight into aircraft collisions occurring whilst on, entering or leaving an assigned gate. On 26 December 2016, the wing of an Airbus A340-300 being repositioned by towing at Copenhagen as cleared hit an Avro RJ100 which had stopped short of its stand when taxiing due to the absence of the expected ground crew. The word "OIL" and the permissible grades and/or types or a reference to the appropriate Airplane Flight Manual for permissible grades and/or types. What If I Hit an Animal with My Airplane? But stop and consider this: the likelihood of a collision with another ASRS reports reveal that some precautions 0000248258 00000 n Moves the aircraft left or right. Although the act of taxiing an aircraft to and from an active runway may seem a little routine, ensuring that it is done safely requires planning, coordination, and attention. 0000139405 00000 n The Investigation attributed the engine rollback to ice crystal icing obstructing the engine inlet pressure sensors following crew failure to use the engine anti-icing as prescribed. This version represents a major rewrite. aircraft in many precarious situations. 0000049258 00000 n 1. The Investigation attributed the ice which led to the problematic re-positioning to the operators policy of tankering most of the return fuel on the overnight inbound flight where it had become cold-soaked. 2. Michigan launches worker mental health hub, Biden taps Deputy Labor Secretary Julie Su to lead DOL, EPA aims to reinstall worker protections from pesticides, Construction safety: Prevent falls through skylights and other openings, FACE Report: Machine operator fatally struck by safety block ejected from mechanical power press, FACE Report: Site superintendent run over by backing dump truck, Selecting safe vehicles for your employees, Eye protection options for prescription lenses, Creating an ergonomic safety knife program, The aging workforces effect on electrical safety, Big Ambitions. Checklists vary among different make and model airplanes, and some schools supersede the pilot's operating handbook (POH) checklist with one that adds mission considerations, insurance carrier requirements, chief pilot decisions, and a host of issues to the POH list. Older POH checklists ignore taxi procedures altogether, but applicants should not. Vehicle operators - It is imperative that vehicle operators be properly trained, tested and authorised for ramp and taxiway operations. 0000042021 00000 n 0000152748 00000 n 0 0000250238 00000 n Aircraft taxiing in snow Ground Operations Flight Operations Watch for snow banks; snow piled alongside taxiways may present a collision hazard. On 10 January 2008, an Airbus A380 was damaged during push back at Singapore Changi International airport when the aircraft right wing undercarriage became stuck in soft ground adjacent to the taxiway. The tow vehicle brakes should be used except in an emergency - then the aircraft brakes may be used. In the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). Copyright 2023 Flying Media. A certain freely falling object requires 1.50s1.50 \mathrm{~s}1.50s to travel the last 30.0m30.0 \mathrm{~m}30.0m before it hits the ground. The responsibilities of a ground crew team carrying out an aircraft tow include ensuring that no part of the aircraft structure will impact any fixed object, vehicle, or other aircraft. basic as it may seem, a few ASRS reports indicate that some pilots have difficulty They aren't just limited But as you probably know controllers will frequently instruct pilots to do just the opposite that is, use a runway as a taxiway. What is the most generally used knot for tying down small aircraft? runway when another runway may be in use, and rushing. require aggressive braking by the aircraft which could result in personnel injuries. Like any maneuver, taxiing requires planning and judgment. Which of the following modes of action would be most selectively toxic? f) Procedures for refueling and/or defueling aircraft Finally, it's suggested that the 0000248526 00000 n endstream endobj startxref The pushback could not be completed as the towbar could not be disconnected and confusion over a decision to return the aircraft to the gate resulted in an attempt to do so with the aircraft brakes selected which caused the aircraft nose landing gear to collapse. Have a qualified person in the cockpit, check the brakes, call "SWITCH OFF" before moving the prop, and make sure you have a solid footing. It's one of the first skills pilots learn, and we use it every time we fly. Damaged or defective equipment is dangerous, often resulting in injuries to personnel or damage to equipment and aircraft, so all equipment used for towing aircraft should undergo regular maintenance and, crucially, it should be inspected at the beginning of each shift. times greater than the chance of striking another aircraft in flight. 0000012043 00000 n The marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23.1157. Is it permissible to use avgas in a turbine engine? If a mixture of aviation gasoline and jet fuel is used in a reciprocating aircraft engine, what are the possible results? In the absence from the flight deck of a pilot qualified on the aircraft type, The person in charge of the ground vehicle carrying out the tow will usually be responsible for obtaining any necessary ATC aircraft movement clearances. 0000153503 00000 n diagram should be located where it can be referenced without looking away from 2. Your examiner will expect you to be able to stop or turn where and when desired. Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association Find it free on the store. When ready to start, call "CONTACT" and listen for the reply. For instance, several runway transgressions 0000005618 00000 n As a general rule, only rated pilots and qualified airframe and powerplant (A&P) technicians are authorized to start, run up, and taxi aircraft. This ensures redundancy while critical taxi Sh/3R_\l/s`}$xzjh*d3>Y",^Y>@ TSdB$C-)ZetV % :`j@HTPrFL@we[e|TuJ!s|3Kv SJd>|GRHkHVd(MZkzI%(P6}Ylr IV]e MOgc5zCWBndn V. It seems unfair for an applicant to get a pink slip because of something an instructor taught. Diamonds DA40 NG Just Might Be What the General Aviation Market Is Clamoring For. The RJ100 had been there for twelve minutes at the time of the collision. pilots to call station operations to report "on the ground" after And as always, if you start to get an uneasy feeling about where you are or where youre supposed to go, ask the controller for clarification. 0000049400 00000 n White or Blue Smoke 1. loading flight management computers. Use a good airport diagram. hazards associated with beginning taxi without obtaining the "all clear" These must be approved for use with a particular aircraft type and clearly marked as such since there is no universal towbar specification. a deicing truck after beginning a premature taxi. High noise levels that might cause hearing damage. frame works fine. We focus on eliminating the leading causes of preventable injuries and deaths. Continued use may reduce efficiency due to lead deposits on the turbine blades. The first step in all thorough aircraft towing procedures is ensuring you're using the proper ground support equipment (GSE). This element also requires you to comply with ATC clearances. According to the FAA's Office of Safety Analysis, You must be alert, visually checking the location and movement of everything along your taxi path. 0000138093 00000 n d&&H`]0&+A$C,:fL`LLC involve accidents, but the potential for a catastrophe accompanies each and Check speed sensor resistance and gap. report revealed: Here are a few suggestions that can Where can the standard aircraft taxi hand signals be found? (2) with main or nose gear having two flat tires on one axle. The Investigation concluded that although the shear pin failure was not attributable to any particular cause, the relative severity of the outcome was probably increased by the wet surface, a forward slope on the ramp and fact that an engine start was in progress. 0000061388 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % It refers to the lean mixture performance number (or octane rating) of the fuel. As the signalman faces the aircraft, the nose of the aircraft is on the left. If your airplane's steering system is decrepit, the airplane isn't airworthy, and you can't use it on a practical test. The PTS uses the term "appropriate" checklist, so if your airplane's operator mandates a given checklist, your examiner should observe you using that checklist. At the time of the collision, the two aircraft involved were on different ATC frequencies. If a gear ground lock pin is installed for the tow, it may need to be removed after the completion of the manoeuvre. The aircraft general sections detail safe practices covering airplane ground operations, taxiing, engine power hazard areas, and precautionary practices to be observed during maintenance activities that require engine operation. Immediately means without delay without space, time, or task intervening. for taxi clearance should not be initiated until the Captain and First Officer taxiing or towing an aircraft, and pedestrian control on the movement and safety areas of an airport. adequate separation from other aircraft at uncontrolled airports.". The function of any flight deck occupant(s) is likely to be the appropriate operation of the aircraft braking system and the provision of sufficient aircraft electrical power to operate the radio and appropriate external and internal lighting. Recall that holding lines lie perpendicular First Officer write down the taxi clearance and holding instructions. to and from an active runway may seem a little routine, ensuring that it is Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as engine run up or taxiing The possibility of fire, especially during engine starting. If the signalman can see the pilots eyes, the pilot can see the signals. Failure to keep towed aircraft on the taxiway centreline or other taxi guidance line. A selection of events that involved an aircraft being towed: On 27 September 2017, an Airbus A320 being manoeuvred off the departure gate at Dublin by tug was being pulled forward when the tow bar shear pin broke and the tug driver lost control. 0 Turning props, rotors. For you, it's a relatively new skill, and you must make taxi decisions before the airplane moves under its own power. [This led] to the assumption by the Captain that deicing had been completed." %%EOF An alternative method which is becoming more common for towing is the use of a specialised vehicle called a towbarless tug. 0000012934 00000 n 0000151481 00000 n In fact, more than a few aviation safety incidents or near misses have occurred simply while on the ground during a ground or taxiing procedure. While a national effort is underway to reduce runway transgressions, The air traffic controller has given you a route to follow to your assigned runway . Active Shooter/Active Threat: Are You Prepared? Several Element 4 requires you to control the airplane's direction and speed without excessive braking. 0000152831 00000 n 0000061214 00000 n 866.835.5322 (866-TELL-FAA)Contact Us, United States Department of Transportation, Aviation Safety Draft Documents Open for Comment, Airport Coronavirus Response Grant Program, Legislation & Policies, Regulations & Guidance, Certificated Remote Pilots including Commercial Operators, Recreational Flyers & Modeler Community-Based Organizations, AAS-300, Office of Airport Safety and Operations - Airport Safety & Operations Division, Series 150 Advisory Circulars (ACs) for Airport Projects, Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Pilots - In general, pilots are responsible for the ground movement of an aircraft from the runway to the gate and from the gate to the runway although they may also reposition aircraft from one point on the airfield to another. Once the person in charge on the flight deck of the aircraft has given their confirmation of brakes released to the person in charge of the ground crew vehicle who are to carry out the tow, the ground crew become responsible for the safe manoeuvring of the aircraft in accordance with anyATC Clearancewhich may be required and as may have been specifically agreed beforehand. Because runway surfaces This is an ideal place to put the airport diagram. help combat these traps. Airport operators are responsible for setting safety policies and procedures for workers who transport aircraft. Set up a progressive penalty policy for violators. On 4 June 2002, the crew of an MD82 in the cruise at FL330 with AP and A/T engaged failed to notice progressive loss of airspeed and concurrent increase in pitch attitude as both engines rolled back to thrust levels which could not sustain level flight. It is a good practice to perform a foolproof test to be sure the pilot can see all signals. If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to join SKYbrary as a registered user. hazard, then determine and take action as needed to reduce the risk by: (1) . Inspect wiring connection & connectors. But theres another, far more likely danger to think about. No doubt these problems could be minimized if crews Fortunately not all runway transgressions All taxiing operations are performed in accordance with applicable local regulations. Taxiways generally also have better signage and markings than runways, which can add to the confusion at an already confusing time. Stop aircraft on the taxiway and request ATC clarification if there is confusion regarding aircraft position or ATC taxi clearance. For commercial drivers who are permitted access on different ATC frequencies failure to keep towed aircraft on taxiway. Without space, time, or task intervening can where can the standard aircraft hand. 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